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Think/Atom
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Atom Puzzle
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The Universal Timekeepers : Reconstructing History Atom by Atom
Runner-up, 2024 Columbia University Press Distinguished Book AwardAtoms are unfathomably tiny.It takes fifteen million trillion of them to make up a single poppy seed—give or take a few billion. And there’s hardly anything to them: atoms are more than 99.9999999999 percent empty space.Yet scientists have learned to count these slivers of near nothingness with precision and to peer into their internal states.In looking so closely, we have learned that atoms, because of their inimitable signatures and imperturbable internal clocks, are little archives holding the secrets of the past. David J. Helfand reconstructs the history of the universe—back to its first microsecond 13.8 billion years ago—with the help of atoms.He shows how, by using detectors and reactors, microscopes and telescopes, we can decode the tales these infinitesimal particles tell, answering questions such as: Is a medieval illustrated prayer book real or forged?How did maize cultivation spread from the highlands of central Mexico to New England?What was Earth’s climate like before humans emerged?Where can we find clues to identify the culprit in the demise of the dinosaurs?When did our planet and solar system form? Can we trace the births of atoms in the cores of massive stars or even glimpse the origins of the universe itself?A lively and inviting introduction to the building blocks of everything we know, The Universal Timekeepers demonstrates the power of science to unveil the mysteries of unreachably remote times and places.
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The Universal Timekeepers : Reconstructing History Atom by Atom
Runner-up, 2024 Columbia University Press Distinguished Book AwardAtoms are unfathomably tiny.It takes fifteen million trillion of them to make up a single poppy seed—give or take a few billion. And there’s hardly anything to them: atoms are more than 99.9999999999 percent empty space.Yet scientists have learned to count these slivers of near nothingness with precision and to peer into their internal states.In looking so closely, we have learned that atoms, because of their inimitable signatures and imperturbable internal clocks, are little archives holding the secrets of the past. David J. Helfand reconstructs the history of the universe—back to its first microsecond 13.8 billion years ago—with the help of atoms.He shows how, by using detectors and reactors, microscopes and telescopes, we can decode the tales these infinitesimal particles tell, answering questions such as: Is a medieval illustrated prayer book real or forged?How did maize cultivation spread from the highlands of central Mexico to New England?What was Earth’s climate like before humans emerged?Where can we find clues to identify the culprit in the demise of the dinosaurs?When did our planet and solar system form? Can we trace the births of atoms in the cores of massive stars or even glimpse the origins of the universe itself?A lively and inviting introduction to the building blocks of everything we know, The Universal Timekeepers demonstrates the power of science to unveil the mysteries of unreachably remote times and places.
Price: 13.99 £ | Shipping*: 3.99 £
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Why is an oxygen atom larger than a hydrogen atom?
An oxygen atom is larger than a hydrogen atom because it has more protons, neutrons, and electrons. The additional protons and neutrons in the nucleus of the oxygen atom contribute to its larger size. Additionally, the presence of more electron shells in the oxygen atom compared to the hydrogen atom also adds to its size. Overall, the combination of these factors results in the larger size of an oxygen atom compared to a hydrogen atom.
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Why is the gallium atom smaller than the aluminum atom?
The size of an atom is determined by the number of protons and electrons it has, as well as the arrangement of those electrons in its electron cloud. Gallium has one more proton and electron than aluminum, which means it has a stronger positive charge in its nucleus, pulling the electrons closer to it. This results in a smaller atomic radius for gallium compared to aluminum. Additionally, the electron configuration of gallium leads to a more effective nuclear charge, further contributing to its smaller size.
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Does an atom weigh less when x electrons are removed from the atom and the atom becomes ionized?
No, an atom does not weigh less when electrons are removed and it becomes ionized. The mass of an atom is primarily determined by the nucleus, which contains protons and neutrons. Removing electrons does not significantly affect the mass of the nucleus, so the overall weight of the atom remains the same.
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Where are the components of the atom located within the atom?
The components of the atom are located within the atom in the following way: the protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus at the center of the atom, while the electrons are located in orbitals or energy levels surrounding the nucleus. The nucleus contains the majority of the mass of the atom, while the electrons are much smaller and contribute to the atom's overall size. This structure of the atom was proposed by Niels Bohr and is known as the Bohr model.
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What is the difference between a hydrogen atom and a deuterium atom?
The main difference between a hydrogen atom and a deuterium atom lies in their atomic nuclei. A hydrogen atom has a single proton in its nucleus, while a deuterium atom has one proton and one neutron in its nucleus. This difference in the nucleus results in deuterium being heavier and more stable than hydrogen. Deuterium is often used in nuclear reactions and as a tracer in chemical reactions due to its unique properties.
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Does an argon atom form when the chlorine atom gains an electron?
No, an argon atom does not form when a chlorine atom gains an electron. When a chlorine atom gains an electron, it becomes a negatively charged ion called chloride (Cl-). This means that the chlorine atom now has one more electron than protons, giving it a net negative charge. On the other hand, an argon atom has 18 protons and 18 electrons, resulting in a neutral charge. Therefore, the addition of an electron to a chlorine atom does not result in the formation of an argon atom.
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What is the reaction between a hydrogen atom and a chlorine atom?
When a hydrogen atom reacts with a chlorine atom, they form a covalent bond to create hydrogen chloride (HCl) molecule. The hydrogen atom donates its electron to the chlorine atom, resulting in the formation of a hydrogen ion (H+) and a chloride ion (Cl-). This reaction is highly exothermic, releasing a significant amount of energy.
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What is the difference between an interstitial atom and a substitutional atom?
An interstitial atom is an atom that occupies the spaces between the atoms in a crystal lattice, without replacing any of the existing atoms. In contrast, a substitutional atom is an atom that replaces one of the existing atoms in the crystal lattice. Interstitial atoms can cause lattice distortion and affect the mechanical properties of the material, while substitutional atoms can change the chemical and physical properties of the material.
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